The harm of indoor smoke pollution to health is multifaceted, involving multiple important organ functions such as the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. Harmful substances in smoke can directly irritate the respiratory mucosa, leading to diseases such as pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tracheitis. Long term exposure can also significantly increase the risk of lung cancer. The carcinogenic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in tobacco smoke can damage lung cells, and even exposure to secondhand smoke can significantly increase the risk of cancer. The binding ability of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin far exceeds that of oxygen, which can reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and cause tissue hypoxia throughout the body. Long term exposure to this can damage endothelial function and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and hypertension. Harmful substances in smoke can also promote platelet aggregation, increase blood viscosity, and may lead to serious consequences such as myocardial infarction and stroke.

The nervous system can also be significantly affected by smoke pollution. Nicotine and other substances can interfere with the balance of neurotransmitters, leading to decreased sleep quality, insomnia, and excessive dreaming, which may cause long-term symptoms such as neurasthenia and memory loss. For children, exposure to smoke can affect the development of the nervous system, leading to a decline in cognitive and learning abilities, and may result in behavioral problems such as hyperactivity and lack of concentration. The toxic substances in smoke can also damage the immune system function, making the human body more susceptible to pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, and prolonging the recovery time after illness.

Special populations face more serious risks. Long term exposure of pregnant women to smoke environments can increase the risk of miscarriage and premature birth, which may lead to delayed or malformed fetal development. Due to the decline in physical function, elderly people are more prone to respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems. Smoke pollution may induce diseases such as pneumonia and hypertension, which may even endanger the lives of the weak. Children's respiratory and immune systems are not fully developed, and long-term exposure to smoke can lead to recurrent respiratory infections, affecting normal growth and development. Indoor smoke can also irritate the eyes, causing symptoms such as redness, swelling, and tearing. In severe cases, it may lead to vision loss; Skin contact with harmful substances in smoke may cause allergic reactions such as itching and peeling.

In addition, smoke pollution can have a synergistic effect with other indoor air pollutants, such as formaldehyde, benzene, and other substances, further exacerbating health risks. These pollutants not only cause short-term discomfort such as headaches and nausea, but long-term exposure may also affect the reproductive system and hematopoietic function, increasing the risk of blood system diseases such as leukemia. The hazards of fire smoke are even more acute, with high concentrations of carbon monoxide causing coma or even death in a short period of time, while irritating gases such as sulfur dioxide can cause serious respiratory damage.